Understanding Meniere’s Disease
Meniere’s Disease is an inner ear disorder caused by increased fluid pressure in the inner ear. This abnormal pressure disrupts the balance signals sent between the inner ear and the brain, often resulting in vertigo. Scientists believe the condition may be linked to viral infections or environmental factors, but its exact cause remains unclear.
What Are The Symptoms?
People with Meniere’s Disease often experience episodes that include vertigo (a spinning sensation), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), hearing loss, or a sense of fullness or pressure in the ear.
These symptoms may last for several hours and often come in cycles. Attacks can be unpredictable and may worsen with stress or during seasonal transitions. In severe cases, vertigo may be so intense it leads to nausea or vomiting.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on a detailed medical history and a physical examination. Additional tests may include a hearing evaluation, MRI, electronystagmography (ENG), or electrocochleography to rule out other causes and confirm fluid imbalance in the inner ear.
Treatment Options
While there’s no cure, most patients find significant relief through a customized treatment plan. Mild cases are often managed with dietary changes (low salt, caffeine, and alcohol), stress reduction, quitting tobacco, and diuretics to reduce fluid retention.
Severe or persistent cases may require procedures such as:
Gentamicin injections – medication placed directly into the ear
Endolymphatic sac decompression – a shunt relieves fluid pressure
Labyrinthectomy – removal of balance canals in extreme cases